Tag Archives: lignocellulose

Preparation of the cellulose nitrate

This methods is part of the book:
Klemm, D., et al. “Comprehensive cellulose chemistry: v. 2: functionalization of cellulose: functionalization of cellulose.” (1998).

A sample of about 0.8 g cellulose is mixed with 40 ml of the nitration acid, and coole down to 0oC. This mixture is shaken vigorously and then kept for 3 h at 0oC with occasional shaking. Subsequently most of the nitration acid is separated from the cellulose on a coarse sintered-glass crucible by pressing with glass stopper. After putting the filter crucible onto a suction flask, the sample is neutralized stepwise by addition of a total volume of 240 ml of 2% by weight aqueous Na2CO3 solution, which is filtered through the crucible without suction. Subsequently the sample is washed with about 8 l of distilled water, again applying no suction. After these washing, most of the water covering the sample is drawn off by suction, and the cellulose nitrate is stabilized for 2 h at room temperature by covering it with methanol in a beaker. After separating the methanol by filtration, the sample is dried in vacuo over P2O5 at 20oC for at least 15h.

Determination of the carboxyl group content of cellulose samples by methylene blue sorption

This methods is part of the book:
Klemm, D., et al. “Comprehensive cellulose chemistry: v. 2: functionalization of cellulose: functionalization of cellulose.” (1998).

A weighed cellulose samples of known water content up to 0.5 g is suspended in 25 ml of aquaeus methylne blue chloride solution (300mg/l) and 25 ml of borate buffer of pH = 8.5 for 1 h at 20 oC in a 100 Erlenmeyer flask and then filtered through a sintered-glass disk. 5 or 10 ml of the filtrate are transferred to a 100 ml calibrated flask. Then 100 of 0.1 N HCl and subsequently water, up to 100 ml, are added. Then the methylene blue content of the liquid is determined photometrically, employing a calibration plot, and from the result the total amount of free, i.e. nonsorbed, methylene blue is calculated. The carboxyl group content of the sample is obtained according to:

rumus_carbonyl - 1

Reference:
Phillip, B., Rehder, W., Lang H. Papier 1965, 1-10

Determination of the carbonyl group content of cellulose samples by oximation

This methods is part of the book:
Klemm, D., et al. “Comprehensive cellulose chemistry: v. 2: functionalization of cellulose: functionalization of cellulose.” (1998).

2 g of an air dry sample of known moisture content is suspeded in 100ml 0f 0.02 N aquaeous zinc acetate solution in a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask under vigorous stirring. After a residence of 2-6 h at room temperature in the covered flask the liquid is sucked off and the moist sample is immediately and quantitatively returned to the flask and subsequently suspended in 100 ml of the oximation reagen (35 g hydroxilamine hydrochoride, 55 g zink acetate, 160 ml 1 N NaOH and 1.6 ml glacial acetic acid/l aquaeous solution) appliying a gentle shaking. After a residence time of 20 h at 20oC, the liquid is again sucked off through the same sintered-glass disk and twice washed with water. Subsequently the sample is suspended again in the same flask in 100 of 0.02 N zinc acetate solution. After 2 h the liquid is again sucked off and the sample is washed with aqueous zinc acetate solution of the same concentration. The moist oximated sample is then immadiately subjected to a determination of the nitrogen content by Kjeldahl method, employing finally a calorimetric determination of the NH4+ formed with Nesslers reagent. I umol of nitrogen correspond to 1 umol of carbonyl groups in the sample.

Reference:
Laboratory procedure of Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research.

Determination of the acetyl group DS of cellulose acetate

This methods is part of the book:
Klemm, D., et al. “Comprehensive cellulose chemistry: v. 2: functionalization of cellulose: functionalization of cellulose.” (1998).

0.5 g of dry cellulose acetate is swollen in 25 ml of an acetone/water mixture (1:1 by volume) for 24 h at room temperature. Then 12.5 ml of 1 N KOH in ethanol are added, and a complete deacetylation is formed by keeping this mixture for 24 h at room temperature. The excess of alkali is titrated with N/2 aqueous HCl using phenolpthalein as indicator, and an excess of 2 ml of N/2 HCl is added, which is back-titrated after 24 h with N/2 NaOH. From the titration result, the total amount of alkali consumed for saponification of the acetyl groups/g of sample is obtained. Calculation of ‘% of bound acetic acid’ and DSAcetyl is performed accoding to

rumus_acetyl - 1

Reference:
Procedure of the Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research, Teltow-Seehof.

Biomass from Biomass Waste

Bioethanol from Biomass Waste

Lignin

LIGNIN Biomass Recalcitrane

Lignin

Chalmers Poster Exibition: Biological Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with White-rot Fungi for Biofuel Production

Download document ini: Biological Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Download Metode Penelitian Biomassa Lignosellulosa

CARA MENDOWNLOAD

Klik dua kali pada dokumen yang akan didownload. Kemudian ikuti perintah selanjutnya. Kalau ada iklan yang muncul, klik aja iklannya atau langsung ke SKIP ADD yang ada di pojok kanan atas.
Ok. Semoga sukses presentasinya.

Download buku yang lebih lengkap silahkan klik di sini: Daftar Buku Gratis.

Untuk sementara link-link di bawah ini tidak berfungsi, silahkan gunakan link yang ada di atas, mulai nomor urut ke-30.


Berikut ini beberapa dokumen penting untuk penelitian biomassa lignosellulosa. Dokumen ini dari NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Paklik Sam, USA. Silahkan didownload bin sedot gratis.

  1. Summative Mass Closure — Laboratory Analytical Procedure Review and Integration: Feedstocks, April 2010
  2. Determination of Structural Carbohydrates and Lignin in Biomass, April 2008
  3. Determination of Extractives in Biomass, July 2005
  4. Preparation of Samples for Compositional Analysis, August 2008
  5. Determination of Total Solids in Biomass and Total Dissolved Solids in Liquid Process Samples, March 2008
  6. Determination of Ash in Biomass, July 2005
  7. Determination of Sugars, Byproducts, and Degradation Products in Liquid Fraction Process Samples, December 2006
  8. Determination of Protein Content in Biomass, May 2008
  9. Rounding and Significant Figures, July 2005
  10. Determination of Insoluble Solids in Pretreated Biomass Material, March 2008
  11. Measurement of Cellulase Activities, August 1996
  12. Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass, March 2008
  13. SSF Experimental Protocols: Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysis and Fermentation, October 2001

Prosedur analisa di atas sangat diperlukan oleh temen-temen yang sedang penelitian tentang renewable energi dari biomassa lignoselulosa, terutama bioetanol generasi kedua.
Semoga bermanfaat.

Download buku dan referensi lain: Klik Di Sini.


Referensi yang berkaitan:
cellulosic cell wall
Posted from WordPress for Android